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Olecranon fractures are described as a break in the bony tip of the elbow that sticks out when you bend your arm. A fracture of the olecranon bone can be very painful and make motion of the elbow difficult or impossible. This kind of fracture is common and normally happens in isolation (with no other injuries involved).
The elbow joint is made up of 3 bones; the humerus (upper arm bone), the radius (forearm bone on the thumb side), and the ulna (forearm bone on the pinky side). These 3 bones are held together by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The olecranon is the end part of the ulna that “cups” the lower end of the upper arm bone, creating a hinge for movement of the elbow.
Olecranon fractures may be caused by:
Signs and symptoms of olecranon fractures may include:
Your doctor will review your medical history and discuss your symptoms. Your doctor will then perform a physical examination of your elbow to determine the extent of the injury by:
Your doctor may also order X-rays for a detailed examination of your elbow to diagnose the type and condition of the fracture as well as to determine if you have sustained any other injuries.
The management of an olecranon fracture is comprised of both non-surgical and surgical approaches. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture.
Nonsurgical approach typically involves application of a splint (like a cast) to your elbow and placing your arm in a sling to immobilize the bones and allow healing. Splints are normally worn for 6 weeks before initiating gentle motion. Treatment also involves application of ice to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain along with medications to relieve pain.
Severely displaced, open, or complex fractures may require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a surgical technique employed for the treatment of a fracture to stabilize and heal a broken bone not amenable to non-surgical conservative treatment.
Since ORIF is often employed to treat severe fractures, it often takes place as an emergency procedure. Prior to surgery, you may have:
The surgery is performed under sterile conditions in the operating room under general or local anesthesia.
You may have some pain post procedure and pain medication will be prescribed to relieve pain. You will need to keep your arm immobile for several weeks by use of a sling to allow healing. Your doctor will give instructions on dressings and incision care along with caring for your arm by applying ice to relieve pain and discomfort.
Physical therapy is suggested to prevent elbow stiffness, strengthen muscles, and restore range of motion. You will also be advised on diet and supplements high in vitamin D and calcium to promote bone healing.
Depending on your health condition and the extent of the injury, you may be able to go home the same day with scheduled follow-up appointments for monitoring progress and for stitches or staple removal if necessary.
As with any surgery, some of the potential risks and complications of open reduction and internal fixation of olecranon fractures may include:
